Scouring of Pipe Tees
Posted: 11/08/2022 09:59:42 Hits: 2
Compared with fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, natural gas has high combustion efficiency in the combustion process, and the combustion products have no skin residue, and harmful gases, which is regarded as clean low-carbon energy. As the main representative of clean energy in China, ensuring the important position of natural gas in the energy structure, rational exploration, development and transportation of natural gas has been the main development direction of the energy industry in recent years. Since China built the first long-distance natural gas pipeline in 1997, until the end of 2017, the total length of domestic long-distance natural gas pipelines has exceeded 77,000 kilometers, and the annual gas transmission volume has exceeded 280 billion cubic meters. It has covered most areas in China. With the increasing improvement of China's natural gas pipeline transportation system, accelerating the development of the natural gas industry and ensuring the safety of natural gas pipeline transportation are of great significance to promoting energy conservation and improving people's livelihood.
The gas field gathering and transportation pipeline mainly refer to the interconnected pipelines between the stations, such as the gas production pipeline between the well site and the gas gathering station, and the gas gathering pipeline between the gas gathering station and the gas gathering terminal. The natural gas transported by this type of pipeline usually has only undergone relatively simple primary treatment at the well site and gas gathering station, and has not undergone advanced treatment in the natural gas purification plant. In the process of natural gas gathering and transportation, due to reasons such as sand production in the gas field and the ineffectiveness of the sand removal device, solid particles are often carried in the pipeline. In the process of following the air flow, the particles often act on the pipe wall in the sudden change of the air flow state, which is easy to cause scouring and damage to the pipe fittings such as elbows, valves, and tees, resulting in economic losses and hidden danger, as shown in figure 1.
Wear caused by scouring refers to damage to the surface of materials due to the impact of moving solid particles. Wear caused by the scouring of solid particles is common to be seen in daily industrial production processes, and is one of the important reasons for the failure of mechanical devices and various parts. For example, TS.Eyer believes that wear caused by scouring accounts for 8% of the total wear which often occurs in industrial production. Strengthening the control and protection of wear caused by scouring at the pipe fittings of gathering and transportation pipelines is of great significance to the safe production of gas fields.
Figure 1 Wear caused by scouring on the pipe tee
At present, in the research on the wear caused by the scouring of solid particles on pipe fittings, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on the wear of elbows. However, there are few studies on the pipe tee which is an important part of the gas pipeline. In general, elbows and tees can be used to change the flow direction of pipelines, but they have their particularities. In the gas gathering and transportation system, the elbow is mainly used to change the direction of the gathering and transportation pipeline. With the change in the direction of the pipeline, the flow direction of the gas flow in the pipe also changes. The gas-solid two-phase flow field at the elbow changes sharply. The solid particles that have not yet had time to change the direction of motion directly hit the upstream wall of the elbow, which will inevitably cause wear on the upstream wall in the long run. The tee is often used for the distribution and confluence of pipelines in the gas field gathering and transportation system. It involves the issue of whether one flow direction is divided into two paths or the two flow directions are merged into one path. The air flow is separated or mixed at the tee. Compared with the elbow, the flow field at the tee and the motion of the solid particles will become more complex and changeable.
In addition, the current research on the wear caused by the scouring of pipe fittings mainly focuses on non-extreme environmental conditions, while the natural gas gathering and transportation pipeline system has its special harsh environment, such as high pressure and long-term continuous transportation. Therefore, under this special working condition, studying the effect of various factors on the wear caused by scouring the tee in the natural gas gathering and transportation system is important for preventing the tee from being damaged by wear and ensuring the safe operation of natural gas pipelines.
The gas field gathering and transportation pipeline mainly refer to the interconnected pipelines between the stations, such as the gas production pipeline between the well site and the gas gathering station, and the gas gathering pipeline between the gas gathering station and the gas gathering terminal. The natural gas transported by this type of pipeline usually has only undergone relatively simple primary treatment at the well site and gas gathering station, and has not undergone advanced treatment in the natural gas purification plant. In the process of natural gas gathering and transportation, due to reasons such as sand production in the gas field and the ineffectiveness of the sand removal device, solid particles are often carried in the pipeline. In the process of following the air flow, the particles often act on the pipe wall in the sudden change of the air flow state, which is easy to cause scouring and damage to the pipe fittings such as elbows, valves, and tees, resulting in economic losses and hidden danger, as shown in figure 1.
Wear caused by scouring refers to damage to the surface of materials due to the impact of moving solid particles. Wear caused by the scouring of solid particles is common to be seen in daily industrial production processes, and is one of the important reasons for the failure of mechanical devices and various parts. For example, TS.Eyer believes that wear caused by scouring accounts for 8% of the total wear which often occurs in industrial production. Strengthening the control and protection of wear caused by scouring at the pipe fittings of gathering and transportation pipelines is of great significance to the safe production of gas fields.
Figure 1 Wear caused by scouring on the pipe tee
At present, in the research on the wear caused by the scouring of solid particles on pipe fittings, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on the wear of elbows. However, there are few studies on the pipe tee which is an important part of the gas pipeline. In general, elbows and tees can be used to change the flow direction of pipelines, but they have their particularities. In the gas gathering and transportation system, the elbow is mainly used to change the direction of the gathering and transportation pipeline. With the change in the direction of the pipeline, the flow direction of the gas flow in the pipe also changes. The gas-solid two-phase flow field at the elbow changes sharply. The solid particles that have not yet had time to change the direction of motion directly hit the upstream wall of the elbow, which will inevitably cause wear on the upstream wall in the long run. The tee is often used for the distribution and confluence of pipelines in the gas field gathering and transportation system. It involves the issue of whether one flow direction is divided into two paths or the two flow directions are merged into one path. The air flow is separated or mixed at the tee. Compared with the elbow, the flow field at the tee and the motion of the solid particles will become more complex and changeable.
In addition, the current research on the wear caused by the scouring of pipe fittings mainly focuses on non-extreme environmental conditions, while the natural gas gathering and transportation pipeline system has its special harsh environment, such as high pressure and long-term continuous transportation. Therefore, under this special working condition, studying the effect of various factors on the wear caused by scouring the tee in the natural gas gathering and transportation system is important for preventing the tee from being damaged by wear and ensuring the safe operation of natural gas pipelines.
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