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2.6 The scanning electron microscope observation and energy spectrum analysis Sample at A according to the position shown in Figure 3 for the scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis. Scanning electron microscopy results are shown in Figures 4 and 5. The crack fractures mostly...

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel tee in an industrial pipeline of a coal chemical plant cracked and failed in the use process. Inspection and sampling tests are performed for the tee in this article, including macroscopic inspection, hardness measurement, metallographic analysis...

Pipelines, roads, railways, air and water transportation are the five major transportation. Among them, pipelines have the advantages of large transportation volume, small engineering volume, short transportation distances and low losses, which play an irreplaceable role in petroleum,...

For austenitic stainless steel pipe fittings that have not been subjected to solution heat treatment or it is not in accordance with the solution process before leaving the factory, the inspector can't know whether they are well treated based on the appearance on site. The principle of...

Carbon steel elbows are metal fittings that change the direction of carbon steel pipelines. The connection method includes screw and welding. According to the angle, there are three kinds of the most commonly used, 45°, 90°and 180°. In addition, according to the needs of the project, it...

A pipe connection with three openings is called a tee. Tees are widely used in the pipe network for conveying liquid and gas. Due to different media, the material of the pipe tee is divided into: cast iron, cast steel, cast copper, cast aluminum, plastic, glass, etc. The application of tees is also...

A graphite composite gasket is a kind of superior gasket. It is used in many equipment. Its excellent performance is incomparable. It is made of metal tooth plates or metal mesh plates and expanded graphite particles, and it is usually stamped or cut from reinforced graphite sheets by professional gasket...

A spiral wound gasket is one of the most widely used gaskets currently. A spiral wound gasket comprises a mix of metallic and filler material. A gasket has a metal wound outwards in a circular spiral with the filler material (generally a flexible graphite) wound in the same manner...

Gaskets are very common spare parts for equipment. Do you install gaskets correctly? If they are not installed correctly, they will be damaged or there will even be danger when the equipment is running. What tools should we prepare before installing a gasket? The tools we should prepare: Calibrated...

Socket Welding Socket welding, just as its name implies, is socket welding in the pipeline which forms angle welding.  1. Socket welded flanges 2. Welding seams 3. Pipelines  X equals gaps of welding seams Socket welding is usually used for welding pipes with small diameters. The common specifications...

5. Spiral Wound Gaskets Spiral wound gaskets skillfully take advantage of heat resistance, elastic resilience and strength of metal as well as flexibility of nonmetal materials. Therefore, spiral wound gaskets have good sealing performance, and stainless steel flexible graphite spiral wound gaskets...

3. PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) gaskets Cold flows and creeps will easily happen in PTFE gaskets at pressure and high temperature. Therefore, PTFE gaskets are usually applied to low-pressure, medium temperature, strong corrosive and uncontaminated media such as strong acid, alkali, halogen and drugs....