The Development of Tees
Posted: 06/28/2022 10:20:38 Hits: 10
A tee is an important part of the pressurization and conveying system of aircraft such as launch vehicles. It has functions of gathering and diversion of the multi pipes in the overall system. However, in the actual flight process, it is subject to certain pressure and structural stress. The quality of the forming directly affects the reliability of the pressurized conveying system of the aircraft. T-shaped tees are T-shaped pipe fittings, and there are many different categories due to their different shapes and uses. Figure 1 shows various types of tees. According to the application of the size of the branch pipe, a tee is divided into an equal tee and a reduced tee. The diameter of both ends of the equal tee is the same as that of the branch pipe, and can only be connected to pipes of the same diameter, while the diameter of both ends of the reduced tee is different from that of the branch pipe, which connects pipes with different diameter. T-shaped tees are also widely used in natural gas, liquefied gas and chemical industry in the petroleum field, and also in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and food hygiene in daily life, as well as power plants, nuclear power, shipbuilding, papermaking, urban construction and other industrial projects. The T-shaped tee is one of the important parts necessary in various fields of the national economy.
As early as the 1940s, J.E. Grey made a T-shaped copper tee by using liquid-filled forming technology and applied for a patent. Professor F. Dohmann was the first to systematically study the liquid-filled forming technology of pipes, and expounded the process principle of liquid-filling and forming of pipe fittings, and clarified the relationship between the matching of process parameters on the geometry of pipe fittings, mold structure, forming process plan and liquid-filling forming results. The traditional tees are mainly made of sheet metal punched into a sheet-like half-way tee shape, and then formed by butt welding or fillet welding. The tee formed in this way has low precision and poor forming quality.
Figure 1 Various types of tees
With the advancement of science, more and more people have mastered the use of computers, and finite element simulation technology has been widely used. Simulated forming plays a very good role in controlling the forming in production. Firas S. Jarrar from the United States used ABAQUS to simulate the forming process of the product, and effectively optimized the pressure loading process. In the simulation of the forming process of the entire part, the simulation and experimental results were compared to verify the reliability of the actual experiment. Shujian Zhu, Xue Chang and others from the School of Automobile and Transportation, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, adopted the uniform test optimization method, aiming at the bulging height, which is an important indicator for measuring the forming of the tee, and optimized the internal pressure and the left and right feeds to obtain the optimal matching relationship of the highest bulging height. Reduce the chance of wrinkling and cracking during forming. From a theoretical point of view, the influence of different forms of push heads on the forming of tees and the influence of different loading paths on the forming results were studied. However, there are few studies on the reducing T-shaped tee formed by internal high pressure so far, and the theoretical analysis is relatively immature. The forming technology and wall thickness control of the reducing tee still need to be improved to optimize the forming quality.
As early as the 1940s, J.E. Grey made a T-shaped copper tee by using liquid-filled forming technology and applied for a patent. Professor F. Dohmann was the first to systematically study the liquid-filled forming technology of pipes, and expounded the process principle of liquid-filling and forming of pipe fittings, and clarified the relationship between the matching of process parameters on the geometry of pipe fittings, mold structure, forming process plan and liquid-filling forming results. The traditional tees are mainly made of sheet metal punched into a sheet-like half-way tee shape, and then formed by butt welding or fillet welding. The tee formed in this way has low precision and poor forming quality.
Figure 1 Various types of tees
With the advancement of science, more and more people have mastered the use of computers, and finite element simulation technology has been widely used. Simulated forming plays a very good role in controlling the forming in production. Firas S. Jarrar from the United States used ABAQUS to simulate the forming process of the product, and effectively optimized the pressure loading process. In the simulation of the forming process of the entire part, the simulation and experimental results were compared to verify the reliability of the actual experiment. Shujian Zhu, Xue Chang and others from the School of Automobile and Transportation, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, adopted the uniform test optimization method, aiming at the bulging height, which is an important indicator for measuring the forming of the tee, and optimized the internal pressure and the left and right feeds to obtain the optimal matching relationship of the highest bulging height. Reduce the chance of wrinkling and cracking during forming. From a theoretical point of view, the influence of different forms of push heads on the forming of tees and the influence of different loading paths on the forming results were studied. However, there are few studies on the reducing T-shaped tee formed by internal high pressure so far, and the theoretical analysis is relatively immature. The forming technology and wall thickness control of the reducing tee still need to be improved to optimize the forming quality.
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